Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Life As A Contest With Fate By Heinrich Von Kleist

When is the proper moment to think? Is it better to think before, during, or after an action? The writer, Heinrich von Kleist, argues that one should think after an act. He uses the example of a wrestler, â€Å"The athlete, at that moment when he is holding his opponent in his grip, simply has no recourse but to act spontaneously, on inspiration; and if he begins to calculate which muscles to contract and which limbs to move in order to throw him, he will always draw the short straw and be thrown himself† (Kleist, 1810). In this example Kleist is correct that it is more appropriate to reflect on your actions rather, but is this logic acceptable in all occasions? Or when an individual should think be dependent on the situation at hand? In the same essay, Kleist states â€Å"life itself is a contest with fate†, however should the entirety of life be treated as a contest (Kleist, 1810)? To begin with, is it better to think while you act? In the example stated previously, when the wrestler thought during he’s match, he resulted as the loser. In the film Fearless, Huo Yuannjia’s father faced a similar scenario. During a match to determine the better of two Wushu styles, Hou’s father meets defeat when he became lost in thought. In these situations, the individuals would have a higher chance of success if they acted on intuition rather than critical thinking. On the other hand, would acting on inspiration would be best during a test or homework assignment? While working on school assignments

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Analysis of Da Vincis Work as Being Reflective and...

Leonardo Da Vinci and the Renaissance Period Objective The objective of this work examines the how Leonardo Da Vincis work is reflective and definitive of the Renaissance period and as well, describes some of Da Vincis art. This work will discuss the use of line, form, color, texture, and materials as found within one of his works and will state reasons this time period was chosen to examine in this work and why it is found to be appealing. Introduction Leonardo Da Vince was born April 15, 1452 near Vinci, Italy and was a painter, sculptor, architect and engineer whose genius is reported to epitomize the Renaissance humanist ideal. (Bio True Story, 2012) His most popular and influential paintings are those of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa. It is reported that Da Vincis notebooks reveal a scientific inquiry and a mechanical prowess that were centuries ahead of their time. (Bio True Story, 2012) It is reported of Da Vinci that he believed that sight  ¦was mans highest sense because it alone conveyed the facts of experience immediately, correctly, and with certainty. Hence, every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge, and saper vedere (knowing how to see) became the great theme of his studies. (Bio True Story, 2012) During the second Florentine period Leonardo is reported to have done dissections in the hospital of Santa Maria Nuova and broadened his anatomical work into a comprehensive study of the structure and function of the human

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Intergroup Relations Types of Prejudice Free Essays

Types of Prejudice PSY322 Intergroup Relations Jonathan Cadieux Outline †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Model of Prejudice Sexism Overweight Sexual Orientation Ageism Fiske Prejudice Model ? 4 Types of Groups ? Based on Competence and Warmth ? Competence: perceived group status ? Warmth: perceived competition ? Group 1: Incompetent but warm ? Low status, not competitive ? Results in Paternalistic Prejudice ? Group 2: Incompetent and not warm – Low status, competitive – Results in Contemptuous Prejudice Group 3: Competent but not warm – High status, competitive – Results in Envious Prejudice Group 4: Competent and warm – High status, not competitive – Results in Admiration ? Fiske Prejudice Model Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, Housewives Low Paternalistic Prejudice What A bout Working Moms? Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, Housewives Low Paternalistic Prejudice Stereotypes of Working Moms Cuddy, Fiske, Glick (2004) †¢ How are working moms viewed compared to working dads and working women without children? †¢ Ps rated fictitious targets – Competence, warmth, likelihood of professional rewards – Target: either male/female with a child or not †¢ Predictions from Fiske Prejudice Model – Working moms would be viewed as housewives are viewed: warm incompetent – Working moms: warmer but less competent than working women without kids – Fewer professional rewards for working moms Stereotypes of Working Moms Cuddy, Fiske, Glick (2004) Gender Gap in the Workplace †¢ Women accounted for only 14. 4% of executive positions – Source: 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Board Directors and the 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Executive Officers and Top Earners †¢ Women continue to earn less than men. For example, female managers earned 81 cents for every dollar earned by male managers in 2007 (Source: U. We will write a custom essay sample on Intergroup Relations: Types of Prejudice or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Govt Acctountability Office) On the other hand†¦ Sexism and gender roles †¢ Differences in wages are due to sexism, but this appears to operate differently than through overt discrimination. Sexism in the definition of gender roles seem to be at the root of discrepancies in wages. †¢ Potential solutions : – Encouraging women to enter higher paying fields (currently â€Å"male-dominated†) †¢ Stereotype threat? – Encouraging more equitable share of household chores and family caretaking . †¢ Maternity = Paternity leaves? Sexism †¢ Definition †¢ Types of sexism – Old-fashioned †¢ Endorse traditional gender roles gender stereotypes †¢ Believe in different treatment of men women – Modern †¢ Less blatant; denial of discrimination against women †¢ Nonsupport of programs legislation to help women Benevolent vs. Hostile †¢ Benevolent: positive but stereotyped views; paternalistic †¢ Host ile: negative attitudes; belief in inferiority Old-fashioned sexism Old fashioned sexism For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ Stigma of Overweight †¢ Overweight stereotype – Lazy, lack self-control, unattractive, slow †¢ Stigma is experienced differently – Seen as controllable †¢ Outcomes for overweight – Held accountable for negative outcomes – More openly derogated – Prejudiced against own group Well-being of the Overweight Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Role of Protestant Ethic (PE) Implications for overweight women Exp. 1: Correlational Study Independent Variables – Protestant Ethic, weight status (normal, somewhat overweight, very overweight) †¢ Dependent Variable: well-being Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. 1 Results Well-being of the Overweight Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. 2 †¢ Primed PE or inclusion – Mood effects of media messages – Read paragraph that primed PE or inclusion – Read another article that discussed negative social effects of being overweight †¢ Independent Variables – Prime condition, weight status (normal, overweight) Dependent Variables: well-being (post – pre), appearance SE (post only) Quinn Crocker (1999): Psychological Well-Being Exp. 2: Well-being 1. 5 1 0. 5 Normal Weight Overweight 0 -0. 5 -1 -1. 5 Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Quinn Crocker (1999): Appearance Self-Esteem Exp. 2: Appearance Self-Esteem 3. 6 3. 5 3. 4 3. 3 3. 2 3. 1 3 2. 9 2. 8 2. 7 Normal Weight Overweight Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Obesity in Canada Antigay Prejudice †¢ Forms of discrimination – Legal rights, hate crimes †¢ Heterosexism †¢ Current attitudes – Sex differences – Characteristics of high prejudiced Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ ‘The Voice’ Coach Makes â€Å"anti-gay† slur 34-year old The Voice Coach and country singer, Blake Shelton has gotten himself into hot water for making an anti-gay slur. It all started on Tuesday, when Shelton, Tweeted his own version of Shania Twain’s Any Mine of Mine: †Any man that tries touching my behind, he’s gonna be a beaten, bleedin’, heaving kind of guy. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Tracy Morgan Apologizes for Anti-Gay Slurs †¢ (†¦)the alleged remarks during the show included how he would react violently if his son were gay and used â€Å"a gay oice,† that the gay community should â€Å"not be whining about something as insignificant as bullying,† and he allegedly added, â€Å"Gay is something that kids learn from the media and programming. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Gay rights group to launch complaint over †˜homophobic’ comments by RDS (TV Sports) analysts †¢ Mailhot, a former provincial assistant deputy minister, and Goldberg, were discussing the skating of Johnny Weir, the flamboyant 23-year-old and three -time U. S. champion . – â€Å"This may not be politically correct, but do you think he lost points due to his costume and his body language? – â€Å"They’ll think all the boys who skate will end up like him,† he said. â€Å"It sets a bad example. † – â€Å"We should make him (Weir) pass a gender test at this point,† Goldberg said, and Mailhot then jokingly suggested Weir should compete in the women’s competition. Impact of Antigay prejudice †¢ Suicide risks – Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth 4 times more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers (Massachusetts Youth Risk Survey 2007). – More than 1/3 of LGB youth report having made a suicide attempt (D’Augelli AR â₠¬â€œ Clinical Child Psychiatry and Psychology 2002) LGB youth who come from highly rejecting families are more than 8 times as likely to have attempted suicide than LGB peers who reported no or low levels of family rejection (Ryan C, Huebner D, et al. , 2009) – Visit http://www. thetrevorproject. org/ for more info on this issue. Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) †¢ University of Windsor students †¢ Completed short version of Attitudes toward Lesbians Men scale – E. g. â€Å"Female homosexuality is a sin†, â€Å"I think male homosexuals are disgusting† †¢ Did attitudes vary by: – Gender, faculty, year in school? Predictions – Science or Business Arts Social Science – Men Women – 1st Year 4th Year Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) Stereotype Threat and Sexual Orientation Bosson, Haymovitz, Pinel (2004) †¢ Gay and heterosexual male undergrads †¢ Primed sexual orientation or not †¢ Interacted with 4-6 year old children for 5 min – Interaction videotaped and coded for: †¢ Non-verbal anxiety †¢ Childcare performance †¢ Prediction? Non-verbal Anxiety Bosson et al. 2004) Childcare Performance Bosson et al. (2004) How can we change this? †¢ One way could be by confronting anti-gay behaviour/speech whenever we see/hear it. CONFRONTATION OF PREJUDICE †¢ â€Å"Verbally or nonverbally expressing one’s dissatisfaction with prejudicial and discriminatory treatment to the person who is responsible for making the remark or behavior ’’ (Shelton, Richeson, Salvatore, Hill, 2006, p. 67). Confrontation of Prejudice – Previous Work †¢ Almost exclusively with Sexism and Racism confrontation †¢ Little work done with anti-ga y prejudice Confrontation of racial and gender bias Czopp, Monteith (2003) Study 2 †¢ Imagined setting (read scenario) †¢ IV : Racist remark or Sexist remark †¢ Testing for moderating role of the race or gender of the person confronting. Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) GUILT AND NEG. SELF Confrontation of racial and gender bias Czopp, Monteith (2003) †¢ General conclusion – Sexism and racism not equal – Non-target group members have a unique pportunity for prejudice reduction Other Findings Czopp, Monteith (2006), Rasinski, Czopp (2010) LIKEABLE LIKEABLE Other Findings †¢ Confrontation is effective : reduces further biased responses in all participants (Czopp, Monteith, Mark, 2006) †¢ Witnesses rate non-target confronters as more persuasive, and more positive than target confronters (Ra sinski Czopp, 2010) Cadieux Chasteen (2013) †¢ 136 Participants recruited from PSY100 (47 males, 89 females; Age M=18. 9, SD=1. 92) †¢ Read a script of an IM chat log and were told that we are looking at how social media affects everyday communication Scripts included either an antigay comment that : 1) 2) †¢ The confronter was either gay, straight, or did not have his orientation divulged and this was hinted to the participant on a profile page (Facebook) : †¢ A) †¢ B) †¢ C) †¢ Profiles were pilot tested to get baseline evaluations of likeability, masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, etc. Experimental conditions Sexual orientation Scenario – Straight – Comment WITH Confrontation – Gay – Comment WITHOUT Confrontation – Undisclosed Results MAIN EFFECT (c) F(1,130)=3. 77, p=. 05 ? 2=. 028 Results MAIN EFFECT (o) F(2,130)=76. 31, p How to cite Intergroup Relations: Types of Prejudice, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Newspaper Article free essay sample

Benvolio, a nephew of Montague tried to calm the fight, but in vain. As soon as lady Capulet’s nephew, Tybalt, made an appearance on the scene, the old grudges came to the surface. Although everybody has forgotten the real cause of this long lasting vendetta between the two families. In a trice, fighting broke out between the two noblemen. Gradually, citizens of Verona joined the fray and took sides. Swords were drawn, along with the crowds. Animosity and pernicious rage flaired with increasing tension and aggressiveness. Drawn by this violent up-heaval, the heads of the respective families arrived on the scene to exacerbate the general feelings of the crowd. Immediately, they asked for their swords even though Lady Capulet and Lady Montague tried to talk reason to them. By God’s grace, our Prince was there to put an end to this strife by imposing his just judgment and, thankfully, no lives were taken. The lads attracted considerable attention at that time on account of his youthfulness  as well as the skilful manner in which he handled the machine. He was the chauffeur who handled the machine Sunday when the accident occurred which resulted so tragically for the happy party of autoists. The Gray family resides in Plum Tree and the tragedy happened in sight of their home. In front of the Souers Locust Glen Farm. The accident was due to a gully in the road-bed which was washed out during recent heavy rains. The car was speeding along at a fair rate of speed when the gully was reached, into which the front wheel of the machine dropped, taking control out of the hand of the young chauffeur, much the same as the tongue of a wagon is wrenched from ones hands when backed down a hill when the wheel strikes a stone or some other obstacle. The sudden stoppage of the machine caused the auto to careen and turn turtle, throwing the occupants out after which it settled down over some of them holding them prisoners. The  Shafer  girls were seated in the front seat with young Gray and were thrown clear of the machine. Miss Cleo  alighting on her head and shoulders causing concussion of the brain which County Coroner  Dr. Taviner  says caused her death. Her sister hastened to her side, although painfully injured herself, and carried her sister over to the grass, where she gave a gasp or two and her spirit took flight, while the heroic sister fainted away. The cries of the frightened and injured autoists attracted the attention of  Mr. and Mrs. Stutesman  who reside on the Souers farm and they were the first to reach the side of the victims. The sight which met their gaze was more than  Mrs. Stutesman  could stand, and the terrible agony and suffering of the injured caused her to swoon away and for a time her condition was quite serious. It requiring some time and considerable work to bring her to. Russell Gray  the chauffeur, escaped serious but not painful bruises as his legs were peeled and bruised in a painful manor. (several sentences i cannot read)  Miss Shafer  the young lady who was killed, as well as her sister who was injured, are the nieces of  Mrs. Perry Keller  of this city, who was notified by phone shortly after the accident occurred   |

Friday, November 29, 2019

Social Implications of Computer Technology (Cybercrime and Cyber

Cybercrime, returning to a definition provided by Toby Finnie, Tom Petee, and John Jarvis, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network, where a computer may or may not have played an instrumental part in the commission of crime (7).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Implications of Computer Technology (Cybercrime and Cyber-related crimes) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The term cyber crime or cyber related crime would be used to refer to criminal act like that of identity theft, fraud, security breach, child pornography (Finnie, Petee, and Jarvis 7). Many of the techniques involve the use of a computer or a network, but many more techniques have nothing to do with computers other than information stored in text files on a computer’s hard drive. To address cyber crime and cyber related crimes further, a distinction is made between computers as targets of crime and computer-facilitated crime. While the former refers to crimes targeting computers or other electronic channels as such and include acts like unauthorized entry into computer systems, vandalism, virus attacks, or warfare offensives, so called computer-facilitated crimes are in fact â€Å"traditional crimes that can be or have been committed by using other means of perpetration which are now carried out through an Internet based computer-related venue (e.g. email, newsgroups, other networks) or other technological computing advancement†; or, to put in other words, crimes that use the computer as a medium to commit crimes (Finnie, Petee, and Jarvis 8). Computer-facilitated crimes can be more systematically classified under three main traditional categories of crime: against persons, against property, and against public order and public interest. In reading the discussion above it becomes clear that the term cybercrime actually refers to computer-related crime; however, some consider computer crime t o be a subdivision of cybercrime that warrants its own definition and understanding. The term ‘cyberspace’ became popular descriptor of the mentally constructed virtual environment within which networked computer activity takes place. ‘Cybercrime’ broadly describes the crimes that take place within that space and the term has come to symbolize insecurity and risk online.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By itself, cybercrime is fairly meaningless because it tends to be used metaphorically and emotively rather than scientifically or legally, usually to signify the occurrence of harmful behavior that is somehow related to the misuse of a networked computer system (Finnie, Petee, and Jarvis 10). Largely an invention of the media, ‘cybercrime’ originally had no specific reference point in law and the offending that did become associated with the term was a rather narrow legal construction based upon concerns about hacking. In fact, many of the so-called cybercrimes that have caused concern over the past decade are not ethically crimes in criminal law. However, regardless of its merits and demerits, the term ‘cybercrime’ has entered the public parlance and we are stuck with it. It is argued that the term has a greater meaning if we construct it in terms of the transformation of criminal or harmful behavior by networked technology, rather than simply the behavior itself. This is an interesting happenstance within the context of transformation thesis, because although the contemporary meaning of ‘cyber’ is firmly linked to technological innovation, its origins lie in the Greek Kubernetes, which is also the root of the word ‘govern’. More by happenstance than plan, the word cyber and crime interrelates linguistically. This linkage becomes more significant if we understand cybercrimes as the crimes which are mediated (governed) by networked technology and not just computer. Works Cited Finnie, Toby, Petee Tom, and Jarvis John. The Future Challenges of Cybercrime: Volume 5 Proceedings of the Futures Working Group. Quantico, Virginia 2010. Print. This essay on Social Implications of Computer Technology (Cybercrime and Cyber-related crimes) was written and submitted by user G1lbert0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War The United States went to war with Mexico in 1846. The war lasted for two years. By the end of the war, Mexico would lose almost half its territory to the US, including lands from Texas to California. The war was a key event in American History as it fulfilled its manifest destiny, encompassing land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific.   The Idea of Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, America was struck with the idea of manifest destiny: the belief that the country should span from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Two areas stood in Americas way of achieving this: the Oregon Territory which was occupied by both Great Britain and the US and western and southwestern lands which were owned by Mexico. Presidential candidate James K. Polk fully embraced manifest destiny, even running on the campaign slogan 5440 or Fight, referring to the northern latitude line to which he believed the American portion of the Oregon Territory should span. By 1846, the Oregon issue was settled with America. Great Britain agreed to set the border at the 49th parallel, a line that still stands today as the border between the US and Canada. However, the Mexican lands were considerably harder to attain. In 1845, the US had admitted Texas as a slave state after it had achieved independence from Mexico in 1836. While the Texans believed that their southern border should be at the Rio Grande River, Mexico claimed it should be at the Nueces River, further north. Texas Border Dispute Turns Violent Early in 1846, President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and American troops to protect the disputed area between the two rivers. On April 25, 1846, a Mexican cavalry unit of 2000 men crossed the Rio Grande and ambushed an American unit of 70 men led by Captain Seth Thornton. Sixteen men were killed, and five were injured. Fifty men were taken prisoner. Polk took this as an opportunity to ask Congress to declare war against Mexico. As he stated, But now, after reiterated menaces, Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil. She has proclaimed that hostilities have commenced and that the two nations are now at war. Two days later, on May 13, 1846, Congress declared war. However, many questioned the necessity of the war, especially northerners who feared an increase in the power of slave states. Abraham Lincoln, then the representative from Illinois, became a vocal critic of the war and argued that it was unnecessary and unwarranted. War With Mexico In May 1846, General Taylor defended the Rio Grande and then led his troops from there to Monterrey, Mexico. He was able to capture this key city in September 1846. He was then told to hold his position with only 5,000 men while General Winfield Scott would lead an attack on Mexico City. Mexican General Santa Anna took advantage of this, and on February 23, 1847, near the Buena Vista Ranch met Taylor in battle with approximately 20,000 troops. After two fierce days of fighting, Santa Annas troops retreated. On March 9, 1847, General Winfield Scott landed at Veracruz, Mexico leading troops to invade southern Mexico. By September 1847, Mexico City fell to Scott and his troops. Meanwhile, starting in August 1846, General Stephen Kearnys troops were ordered to occupy New Mexico. He was able to take the territory without a fight. Upon his victory, his troops were divided in two so that some went to occupy California while others went to Mexico. In the meantime, Americans living in California revolted in what was called the Bear Flag Revolt. They claimed independence from Mexico and called themselves the California Republic. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Mexican War officially ended on February 2, 1848, when America and Mexico agreed to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. With this treaty, Mexico recognized Texas as independent and the Rio Grande as its southern border. In addition, through the Mexican Cession, America required land that included parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Americas manifest destiny would be complete when in 1853, it completed the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million, an area that includes parts of New Mexico and Arizona. They were planning to use this area to complete the transcontinental railroad.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Gore & Associates case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gore & Associates case - Research Paper Example In this case, the organization is divided into decision-making entities and affording them powers to undertake routine forms of decisions with respect to the operations of those entities (Grindle, 2007). This paper will look into the W. L. Gore & Associates radical approach of devolving decision making to the lowest levels of its organization. In decentralization, methodical efforts are made to give power to subordinate levels. The delegation of power in decentralization is not from one person to another but to each entity in an establishment (Grindle, 2007). An organization is deemed extremely decentralized, when entrustment is company-wide within all divisions and functions. Decentralization differ from centralization since in centralization, decision-making power rests on one individual only. Additionally, centralization is a type of traditional supervision in India whereas decentralization is a standard practice in professional management (Burton & Obel, 1995). Everything, which attempts to upsurge the significance of subordinate’s duties is decentralization and everything, which reduces it is centralization (Burton & Obel, 1995). ... Therefore, devolution with respect to office may comprise departmentation of operations. When power is dispersed, devolution is present (Burton & Obel, 1995). The requirement for devolution is manipulated when the company develops in its scope, which demands broadening of office operations. Devolution ensues during decision formulating of routine kind but if verdicts are crucial, the power is not dispersed (Burton & Obel, 1995). The political factors technological development and accessibility of administrators also influence the extent of devolution. Devolution does not occur in its wholesome sense. There exists a combination of the two since some operations are integrated and some are devolved (Grindle, 2007). What are the strengths of this approach? Decentralization aids to enhance the quality of decision-making at top-level management. Decentralization of power among subordinates at each level within a firm releases the top management the excessive responsibilities saving them ti me to devote to more crucial and long-term glitches (Burton & Obel, 1995). This enhances the quality of top management decisions with respect to such problems. Devolution, therefore, provides top managers with chances of looking into other new methods of improving their companies by engaging in managerial forums (Grindle, 2007). The approach of devolving power to the lower levels in an organization accelerates diversification of operations in an organization. It is a subject of common knowledge that a company with departments upon the footing of its products accelerates diversification of market or products even when the power is centralized. Decentralization takes this procedure a footstep further.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Community Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Assessment - Assignment Example Generally the community in the county is composed of low-income earners with limits ranging from 15,350 dollars and 77,100 dollars (Wise et al., 2008). The median income is 46, 844 dollars. This constitutes low income compared to other areas in the United States. Domestic violence is dominant due to the fact that most of the population is low-income earners and engage in the use of drugs especially tobacco; these are likely to cause conflicts. There is little of importance from these issues than there are problems. The county is largely rural, and most people face health and education problems and thus cannot make well-informed decisions that better their wellbeing. Drug use, poor health status, and unplanned pregnancies are just examples of how the decision-making mechanism among the community members is negatively influenced. Discrimination affects mostly non-native Americans; they undergo the highest unemployment rate, lowest annual income, worst education, highest functional illi teracy rates, and highest death rate. Notably, El Paso County like many other communities has not yet constituted an efficient system to assess the presence and impacts of domestic violence and child maltreatment. Women and children under the age of 12 form the greatest percentage of victims of domestic violence, which results in about 2 million injuries and almost 1,300 deaths. In fact, an intimate or former spouse commits about a half of murders occurring in the community and the victims are mostly female. Moreover, 17 children were killed for the period of 2000-2005 during a domestic violence associated incident (Eaves, 2010). The target population for domestic violence cases is 14,726 that forms the number of cases filed in Colorado Law Courts in 2005 and classified as domestic violence oriented. The El Paso County Sherriff’s Office and Colorado Springs Police Department responded to about

Monday, November 18, 2019

Why students should take a gap year before college Essay

Why students should take a gap year before college - Essay Example Yet, there do happen to be many discerning students who take time to sort out their priorities in life. Such students do prefer to think in a more serious and concerted manner as to their expectations from and outlook towards a college education. In that context, taking a year off before college allows such students the time and the space to ponder about their future goals and aspirations in a more serious and dedicated manner. This allows them to step aside for sometime from the usual societal and academic trends, to chalk out their future course in consonance with their own values and needs. Hence, a gap year before college could indeed turn out to be fruitful and beneficial. Thereby, students should take a year off before college to gain maturity, build real world social skills, and reinforce the selection of their major. Ralph happened to be one of such student who was typically bothered by a sense of purposelessness, as he finished the high school. There was a side of him that eagerly desired to join college, as most of his friends were doing. But, there was also a facet of Ralph’s personality that wanted to spend some time sorting out his priorities and expectations from life. Luckily Ralph’s parents did not press him as he decided to take a year off after high school. Since long Ralph had been thinking of traveling to Spain. This gap year facilitated Ralph with the requisite time and opportunity. Ralph did some research on the social networking sites and joined a group of American gap year students visiting Spain. The six months that Ralph spent in Spain completely changed him. Ralph not only ended up becoming a more mature and independent person, but he also gained a reasonable level of proficiency in the Spanish language. In Spain Ralph learnt to appreciate cultural diversity and learned to get along with people from different cultures and

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Founders Of Infosys Technologies Limited Commerce Essay

Founders Of Infosys Technologies Limited Commerce Essay Narayana Murthy is the Non-Executive Chairman and Chief Mentor of Infosys Technologies Limited. He is a living legend and an epitome of the fact that honesty, transparency, and moral integrity are not at variance with business acumen. He set new standards in corporate governance and morality when he stepped down as the Executive Chairman of Infosys at the age of 60. Born on August 20, 1946, N.R. Narayana Murthy is a B.E. Electrical from University of Mysore (1967) and M.Tech from IIT Kanpur (1969). Narayan Murthy began his career with Patni Computer Systems in Pune. In 1981, Narayana Murthy founded Infosys with six other software professionals. In 1987, Infosys opened its first international office in U.S.A. With the liberalization of Indian economy in 1990s, Infosys grew rapidly. In 1993, the company came up with its IPO. In 1995, Infosys set up development centers across cities in India and in 1996, it set up its first office in Europe in Milton Keynes, UK. In 1999, Infosys became the first Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ. Today (in 2006), Infosys has a turnover of more than $ 2billion and has employee strength of over 50,000. In 2002, Infosys was ranked No. 1 in the Best Employers in India 2002 survey conducted by Hewitt and in the Business Worlds survey of Indias Most Respected Company. Conducted in the same year. Along with the growth of Infosys, Narayana Moorthy too has grown in stature. He has received many honors and awards. In June 2000, Asiaweek magazine featured him in a list of Asias 50 Most Powerful People. In 2001, Narayana Murthy was named by TIME/CNN as one of the 25 most influential global executives. He was the first recipient of the Indo-French Forum Medal (2003) and was voted the World Entrepreneur of the Year 2003 by Ernst and Young. The Economist ranked Narayana Murthy eighth on the list of the 15 most admired global leaders (2005) and Narayan Murthy also topped the Economic Times Corporate Dossier list of Indias most powerful CEOs for two consecutive years 2004 and 2005. StartUp (http://www.citehr.com/118434-amazing-infosys-story-how-infosys-born.html) April 26, 2004 What makes Infosys tick? Extract from Infosys Technologies co-founder and CEO Nandan M Nilekanis interview to CIOL: Actually when Infosys was formed, all of us were working with Patni in Mumbai and Narayan Murthy was our boss there, heading the software group. The group strongly felt that there is a need to create a very professional company, one that was based on very strong ethics and values. We also wanted to create a company that really valued people. That is how we started. The fact of the matter is that there were many such companies that started at the same time during early 80s, however, what made us different was that we stuck it out-we realized that it was not a sprint but a marathon and we were long distance runners. We went through difficult times, but none of us digressed from the common vision. All of us believed that Infosys was bigger than any of us and we were willing to subordinate our egos and our desire to larger boats. I think that determination to create a world-class company, to stick together, willingness to keep Infosys ahead of any individual-perhaps these are the charact eristic not many people and companies had to the extent we had. Thats why we were able to last the marathon for last 23 years. Infosys Technologies is one of the few Indian companies that has changed the way the world looks at India. No longer is India a land of snake charmers and beggars. It is now perceived as an economic giant to reckon with, bursting with brilliant software engineers and ambitious entrepreneurs. And Infosys is an symbol of Indias information technology glory. Infosys has many firsts to its name: The first Indian firm to list on Nasdaq; the first to offer stock options to its employees. . . The company crossed $1 billion in revenues for the first time in 2004. TCS, however, was the first Indian IT firm to top $1-bn in revenues. Infosys is an organisation that inspires awe and respect, globally. On July 2, Infosys completed 25 years in existence. This is its amazing success story, illustrated by rare photographs. The idea of Infosys was born on a morning in January 1981. That fateful day, N R Narayana Murthy and six software engineers sat in his apartment debating how they could create a company to write software codes. Six months later, Infosys was registered as a private limited company on July 2, 1981. Infosys co-founder N S Raghavans house in Matunga, northcentral Mumbai, was its registered office. It was then known as Infosys Consultants Pvt Ltd. What was the companys starting capital? US $250. Murthy borrowed $250 from his wife Sudha to start the company. The front room of Murthys home was Infosys first office, although the registered office was Raghavans home. Who were Murthys six friends who joined hands to launch Infosys? Nandan Nilekani, N S Raghavan, S Gopalakrishnan, S D Shibulal, K Dinesh and Ashok Arora. Are all of them still the founding directors? Murthy is currently chief mentor and chairman while Nilekani is the chief executive officer and managing director. Gopalakrishnan, Shibulal and Dinesh are directors. Raghavan retired as joint managing director in 2000. He is currently the chairman of the advisory council of the N S Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. Ashok Arora worked for the company till 1988 and left after selling his shares in the then unlisted company back to the other promoters. He moved to the United States where he now works as a consultant. Murthy was always broke Murthy was always broke. He always owed me money. We used to go for dinner and he would say, I dont have money with me, you pay my share, will return it to you later. For three years, I maintained a book of Murthys debts to me. No, he never returned the money and I finally tore it up after our wedding. The amount was a little over Rs 4,000. An excerpt from Sudha Murthys reminiscences. She is the wife of Infosys founder N R Narayana Murthy. Those days, Murthy wanted to do something with his life, but he had no money. Murthy was married to Sudha on February 10, 1978, while he was working with Patni Computers. In 1981, it was Murthys idea to start Infosys. Murthy had a dream, and no money. So Sudha gave him Rs 10,000, which she had saved without his knowledge. Murthy and his six colleagues started Infosys in 1981. No, it was not in Bangalore, but in Pune that Infosys set up its first office, in 1981. The house that Murthy and Sudha bought with a loan became the first Infosys office. As Murthy ran Infosys, Sudha took up a job as a systems analyst with the Walchand Group of Industries to support their household. In 1983, Infosys moved to Bangalore when it got its first client, Data Basics Corporation from the United States. The first mini computer arrived at Infosys in 1983. It was a Data General 32-bit MV8000. The very next year Infosys switched from mini to main frames with a CAMP application for a Data Basics customer A huge struggle, day in and day out When they began moving ahead with Infosys, the founders Murthy, Nilekani, Shibulal and the others took a firm decision that their wives would not be involved in the running of the company. So after Murthy, it was Nilekani and his wife Rohini who moved to Bangalore. But they had no house to stay. So the Nilekanis stayed with the Murthys at their Jayanagar home in Bangalore. Rohini took care of Murthys son as Sudha helped write software programmes for Infosys. There was no luxury, only struggle, day and night. They had no car, no phone. Murthy later recalled that it was not the luxuries of life, but the passion to create something new and innovative that made them keep going on and on and on. Despite the struggles, the Murthys, the Nilekanis and the other partners took time out for picnics in Bangalore The crisis, and how Infosys began to grow The first years of Infosys were not smooth. Most of the founders Murthy, Nilekani, Dinesh, Shibulal and Gopalkrishnan were into writing codes. And they wanted to make an impact in the American market. So Infosys got its first joint venture partners in Kurt Salmon Associates. Gopalakrishnan, who had spent time working in the United States, was the public face of the KSA-Infosys venture in America. But the joint venture collapsed in 1989, leaving Infosys in the lurch. Gopalakrishnan relives the memories of those days. We had nothing after eight years of trying to bring up a company. Those who studied with us had cars and houses, he says. The collapse of the KSA joint venture led Infosys to its first crisis. The company was on the verge of collapse. One of the founder-partners Ashok Arora was dejected with the way the company was going, and decided to quit. The others did not know what to do. But Murthy had the courage of conviction. If you all want to leave, you can. But I am going to stick (with it) and make it, Murthy told them. The other partners Nilekani, Gopalakrishnan, Shibulal, Dinesh and Raghavan decided to stay. And thus began to germinate the seeds of Infosys enormous growth. The Nasdaq listing It is said that Infosys began getting big breakthroughs from the US market. How? The initial foray of Infosys into the US market was through a company called Data Basics Corp as a body-shop or on-site developer of software for US customers. Later, Infosys formed a joint venture with Kurt Salmon Associates to handle marketing in the United States. Even today, Infosys derives about two-thirds of its revenue from the United States, serving corporate clients like Reebok, Visa, Boeing, Cisco Systems, Nordstrom and New York Life. Infosys is the largest publicly traded IT services exporter in India, providing services to 315 large corporations, such as GE and Nortel, predominantly in the USA. It was the first Indian company to list on the Nasdaq stock exchange in 1999. And the other Infosys group companies? Progeon Ltd: The Infosys BPO arm. Infosys Technologies (Shanghai) Company Limited: The companys base in China. Infosys Australia Pty Ltd: Infosys Australian venture. Infosys Consulting Inc: The companys foray into the consulting business. 25 years sheer determination, and growth In the last 25 years, Infosys has been growing and growing. Today, Infosys is Indias second largest software exporter. It now enjoys a strong liquidity position with over Rs 6,000 crore (Rs 60 billion) in assets, including surplus cash. During 2005-2006, the Infosys internal cash accruals more adequately covered working capital requirements, capital expenditure and dividend payments leaving a surplus of Rs 1,612 crore (Rs 16.12 billion). As on March 2006, the company had liquid assets including investments in liquid mutual funds of Rs 4,463 crore (Rs 44.63 billion). This collectively makes the liquidity strength of Infosys at Rs 6,078 crore (Rs 60.78 billion). Where are these funds parked? These funds have been deposited with banks, highly rated financial institutions and in liquid mutual funds. Infosys last year derived an average yield of 4.48 per cent (tax free) from these investments. The company received Rs 647 crore (Rs 6.47 billion) on exercise of stock options by employees and cash equivalents including liquid mutual funds increased by Rs 1,612 crore during 2005-06. Key milestones Year of Incorporation : 1981 Became a public limited company in India : 1992 ISO 9001/TickIT Certification : 1993 Attained SEI-CMM Level 4 : 1997 Listed on NASDAQ : 1999 Crossed $100 million in annual revenues : 1999 Attained SEI-CMM Level 5 : 1999 Crossed $400 million in revenues : 2001 Crossed $ half a billion in revenues : 2002 Crossed $ billion in revenues : 2004 Crossed $ 2 billion in revenues : 2006 Another Note on infosys INFOSYS CASE STUDY ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Narayana Murthy and Infosys The case study ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Narayana Murthy and Infosys describes how Narayana Murthy, set up Indias leading software company Infosys. Narayana Murthy turned a small software development venture that he had set up with his friends in 1981, into one of the leading companies of the country. Infosys grew rapidly throughout the 1990s Narayana Murthy distributed the companys profits among the employees through a stock-option program, and adopted the best corporate governance practices. All this earned him praise and respect. In 1999, the company became the first Indian firm to be listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. In 2000, Infosys was poised to become a true global company.By 2000, Infosys market capitalization reached Rs.11 billion and by 2001, Infosys was one of the biggest exporters of software from India. Narayana Murthy had built an organization that was respected across the country, with very strong systems, high ethical values and a nurturing working atmosphere.In February 2001 , Infosys Technologies Ltd. (Infosys) was voted as the Best Managed Company in Asia in the Information Technology sector, in leading financial magazine Euromoneys Fifth Annual Survey of Best Managed Companies in Asia. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS With his sound management skills, Narayana Murthy seemed to have taken Infosys to the pinnacle of success with the following key success factors : 1. Leadership team : The leadership team needs to balance vision with practical experience. In most cases, a technology start-up will have a visionary and/or a technical genius (most often, these are the founders) in place from day one. However, all to often, the leadership team is not rounded out by people who actually know how to run a business and how to drive sales. Building a strong balanced team can be one of the trickier aspects of creating a successful start-up because it necessarily requires the visionary and the technical genius (founders) to admit their practical shortcomings and give up some of the control of the business. The idea behind a start-up is often somebodys baby and, quite naturally, they want to control every aspect of its development. Once you move these people away from micromanaging the business, the start-up begins to have a chance. 2. Well-conceived business plan : This is an area where the practical experience of a well-rounded leadership team gives the start-up a leg up. The business plan needs to be practical and detailed. The business plan provides the blueprint for the growth of the company. Perhaps more importantly, the business plan is how you demonstrate the viability of the business to third party investors. 3. A strong product : It is a given that the product needs to be special ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ something that will differentiate itself from the universe of competing products but there are other important factors. Ideally, the product will be one that can be protected by patent. If the products cannot be protected by a patent, then the start-up has to be positioned to capitalize on being the first to market. Absent patent protection, being the first to market and capturing as much market share as you can before the copy-cats arrive is the next best thing. The product needs to have a ready market meaning that there is a market for it and that either there is no real competition or that the product allows the company to differentiate itself from the competition. 4. Scalability : The scalability of the business may not be critical to the success of every business, but it is critical to drive a start-up to a large scale business. In other words, if the goal is to become a large, valuable company, scalability is key. However, if the goal is a little less lofty, then scalability is a little less important. 5. Adequate capital :. Without adequate capital, the business will struggle. Perhaps the business will have phenomenal sales, but be unable to deliver the product. Or, the business may build the product, but lack the cash to adequately market it. Or the business will be unable to attract the leadership team it needs and the team it has is diluted to ineffectiveness. Or, the business is unable to capitalize on its first-to-market status. While it is true that the management team for a start-up has to be versatile and willing to wear different hats, a capital-starved start-up can force the dilution of the management team to the point of everything being done poorly. Quite obviously, in many cases, the luxury of having adequate capital does not exist from day one. Finding the capital in a timely way can be very difficult. The more that can be done to address the other four points, the easier it will be to find capital. Launch of Infosys Narayana Murthy obtained his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Mysore in 1967 and his Masters degree in Technology from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1969. He started his career as head of the computer centre at IIM, Ahmedabad.In 1972, he went to Paris where he was part of the team that designed a 400-terminal, real-time operating system for handling air cargo for Charles De Gaulle airport. Narayana Murthy was a left-wing activist and mingled with French communists during his stay in Paris but his outlook changed while traveling around Europe. He believed that the only way to pull India out of poverty was to create more jobs, by setting up new companies.In 1975, he returned to India and joined Systems Research Institute, Pune,(Maharashtra). He then headed Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, (Maharashtra) before founding Infosys in 1981, along with six other professionals. The Strategist From the beginning, Narayana Murthy focused on the worlds most challenging market the US. He had two reasons for this. First, there was no market for software in India at the time. He believed that Indian software companies should export products in which they had a competitive advantage.In 1987, Infosys entered into a joint venture with Kurt Salmon Associates (KSA), a leading global management consultancy firm. KSA-Infosys was the first Indo-American joint venture in the US. People Management Analysts felt that one factor which helped Infosys to grow at a faster pace than others was the low employee turnover.The turnover rate at Infosys was around 11% as opposed to industry average for software companies of over 25% during the 1990s.Infosys retention capability was a function both of its rigorous selection procedures as well as proactive HRD practices. About 80% of the middle and senior level executives were promoted from within the organization Corporate Governance and Infosys Analysts felt that Infosys became one of the most respected companies in India, through its corporate governance practices, which were better than those of many other companies in India. Narayana Murthys move to adhere to the best global practices was driven by his vision to become a global player. Infosys adopted the stringent US Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) many years before other companies in India did Leaders in the Making Narayana Murthy set up a Leadership Institute in Mysore, India, to manage the future growth of Infosys. The institute aimed at preparing Infosys employees to face the complexities of a rapidly changing marketplace and to bring about a change in work culture by instilling leadership qualities. I would like to end with a comment from Sri Narayana Murthy: He said, ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½It is our vision at Infosys, to create world-class leaders who will be at the forefront of business and technology in todays competitive marketplace This has been at the forefront of their corporate culture !!! 2. Company Profile Infosys Technologies Ltd. provides consulting and IT services to clients worldwide. Founded in 1981, the corporate headquarters are based in Bangalore, India. However, Infosys offices span the globe. Since incorporation, annual revenue has rapidly increased and it reached $500 billion in 2002. Unlike many other Indian IT companies, Infosys has concentrated on building applications and this has contributed to its global success. Infosys Technologies employs nearly 17,000 people worldwide, almost 10,000 of whom are software professionals. 116 new clients in the financial year (FY) 2002 added to the already prestigious list that includes Airbus, Cisco, Nordstrom and Boeing. Retail banking services account for around 4% of total revenue. The company vision is to be the best globally, commercially and ethically. As such, Infosys has developed a C-Life principle of core values that it aims to honour in all aspects of its business conduct.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Apple Incorporated Company Essay -- Apple Products, Macbooks, Laptops,

Apple is a company that has been round for many years. There are over 55 million people who use an apple product or are considered to have at least one apple product in their home. The apple products range from larger devices such as there amazingly known Mac books which are there computer based system to there much small hand held based device called the iPhone. That device allows a person to make calls all while have the convent amenities that a laptop would have. They also have the very popular iPod as well as Apple TV. They have expanded into an empire that everyone is trying to become as well as beat. As many people know there is history and hard work that has to take place in order for a business to be successful. Many people will refer to the success of apple as the underdog company that made despite the odds. Founder Steve Jobs was a regular person with a dream. He started of building an Apple computer in his parent’s living room and later moved to the garage true to lack of space. Later on in his building career a neighbor of Steve Jobs introduced him to Stephen Gary Wonzniak. Wonzniak was an engineer and Jobs was a market maven and together they have the skills to build and properly promote. The computer they were trying to promote was fairly expensive computer. Jobs was so dedicated to this idea of transforming this computer from what it was to something that is able to be sold to the public he reached out to Bill Hewlett and asked him to donate some parts for a class projects . Unannounced to Jobs Hewlett admired his initiative and gave him a summer at HP assembling frequency counter. In 1975 the first apple computer was created and officially sold to the public. At the time Jobs and his business partners where... ...ir reputation to go down due to more global world. Works Cited †¢ Elliot, Jay (2012). Leading Apple with Steve Jobs: Management Lessons From a Controversial Genius. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com †¢ McDowell, Gayle Laakmann (2011). The Google Resume: How to Prepare for a Career and Land a Job at Apple, Microsoft, Google, or any Top Tech Company. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com †¢ Happy Birthday, Mac. (Apple) http://www.apple.com/30-years/ †¢ O'Grady, J.D. (2008). Recent Titles in Corporations That Changed the World. In Apple Inc... Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. Retrieved from http://ebooks.abc-clio.com/reader.aspx?isbn=9780313362453&id=GR6244-4 †¢ Lashinsky, A. (2012). Inside Apple: how America's most admired-and secretive-company really works. New York: Business Plus. †¢ USATODAY.COM , Half of U.S. homes own Apple products May 08, 2014

Monday, November 11, 2019

Lord of the Flies: Writing an Interpretive Composition

Piggy is an important character in William Golding's Lord of The Flies. The novel follows a group of boys who crash land on a deserted island. At first, the boys believe that they will be rescued and will soon return to their normal lives. The reality of the situation, is that the world outside of the island is in war. The island becomes their new home. Using Piggy's physical features, mental state, and emotional level, Golding makes Piggy a symbol of security, and civilization. Piggy's character plays a major role because he serves as Golding's personification of intelligence, and critical thinking. Piggy is very important in the story, he is the character that gives the story kind of a mysterious twist; he is the character that turns the story upside down. He is the smartest on the island, without piggy the island would be a huge mess. Piggy from the beginning told the boys how to maintain themselves. Golding’s symbolism is strangely in Piggys appearance. The boys criticize Piggy from when he got on the island all the way up until his death. They nag at him because he is overweight, has asthma, ugly, he has pale skin, and has a speech impediment. This all symbolizes civilization. Without Piggy on the island the boys would be a mess, and they would lack proper thinking abilities. Even though Piggy is the obvious choice for the boy’s leader, they decide to go for the more athletic, and good-looking one Ralph. Ralph is chosen because the boys didn’t like the fact that Piggy was overweight, and lacked all abilities to be a leader. They didn’t know or even give him a chance to show who he was, had they done that they would have found out that Piggy is the more mature one out of all the boys; he does have the ability to be a leader. Piggy in every way seemed older, the boys had hair that kept growing, Piggys was already starting to bald because he had handicaps that made him look older then he really was. Piggy is clearly the most mentally stable boy on the island. For example when the boys said there was a ‘beast’ on the island, Piggy knew that no large animal could possibly sustain itself on the island, not by itself anyways. There is nothing on the island, just these boys he tried to tell them that; he tried to tell them there is nothing to fear. â€Å"I know there isn’t no beast—not with claws and all that I mean- but I know there isn’t no fear either† (page 84). He tries to tell the boys, that the only thing to be afraid of is themselves. They have all turned into such monsters and they are the only ‘beasts’ on the island. Piggy stays calm under pressure and thinks through situations clearly and thoughtfully, moreover; he is mature and independent. Piggy should have been elected leader even though his physical features don’t meet the boy’s standards. All of the other boys constantly leave him alone to fend for himself and take care of the young boys on the island. His independence is a principal factor that keeps him from turning into a monster like the rest of the boys do by the middle of the novel. At the beginning of the boys' journey, Piggy found the conch, which is a shell that when blown brought all of the boys into a ‘family’ meeting. This allowed the conch to represent order and democracy. Until his death, Piggy tries to make the boys stay calm and close. By the end of the novel on the boys have become completely divided, and Piggy and Ralph are completely on their own. Piggys glasses have been stolen by the other boys in the separate group, in his desperate effort to get his glasses back, he expects the talk to be quite peaceful and mature. That’s not what he got, when he got to the boy’s camp they began screaming at him calling him down, and making him feel more useless then he already is without his glasses. During his plead Jack decides it is a smart idea to throw a huge bolder on Piggy’s head. I’m not sure if his clear intentions were to kill Piggy or to scare them away, but it deffinatly resulted in Piggy’s death. The boys aren’t very clear and in their own ‘state’ of mind. They have absoloutly no reassurance in their minds, they don’t know what they’re going to do. They have all lost their minds. The bolder that is crushing down on Piggy is a symbol of radical breakdown of civilization, meaning there is no ‘peace’ anymore. The story kind of took a turn from here, the boys were trying to hunt Ralph, their intentions were to kill him aswell. Piggy’s character was very important to the story. Piggys personality at the beginning of the novel is similar to his personality at the ending. He became the voice of reason on the island, he likes to get every word he needs to say out. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies just wouldn’t have been the same if Piggy wasn’t in the story, it wouldn’t have had the twists and turns it had.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Lincoln and His Generals Book Report Essays

Lincoln and His Generals Book Report Essays Lincoln and His Generals Book Report Paper Lincoln and His Generals Book Report Paper Lincoln and His Generals Book Review Lincoln and His Generals is a book by Thomas Williams that focuses on the Civil War as being the first modern war and the way President Lincoln lead his divided nation during this dark historic time. Williams introduces the Union army as one that has no shape to it. This includes the lack of any plan of attack, as the thought of war had not been converted into any type of scheme. The armies lacked organization and communication, and existing generals were old and incompetent. The first task that Lincoln had was the immediate selection of Generals. Lincolns selection process was sometimes based on political and personal grounds, and he was in the position of selecting from a pool of generals that had no experience leading a large army. Williams tells us that even if the selection was for political reasons, Lincoln had the best interest of the nation in mind. It appears that control was an important factor in Lincolns selections, however, Williams continually argues that if Lincoln had had generals who were more competent he would not have interfered as much. In Lincoln, one sees a willing amateur, one who had the ability to bring out the best in some men, and also learn from them. Williams gives us insight into Lincolns thought process. Williams supports this with various examples and numerous interactions that Lincoln had with his Generals. One example of this is Lincolns selection of General Scott, the first General of the Union forces. When Lincoln interacted with Scott, he showed an admiration for Scotts age and knowledge. This allowed Scott to show his skills, this humility was shared by General McClellan. Lincoln later changes his approach towards McClellan, trying to boost his confidence and courage. Williams continually shows McClellan as an egotist, who eventually replaced Scott as General in chief. McClellan is depicted as unsure, indecisive, self-centered and fearful of declaring war. Lincoln continually defends McClellan but is not afraid of tactfully sending criticism his way. One could easily be lead to believe that Lincoln was more of an appeaser. Williams shows us that Lincoln never hesitated in making difficult decisions based on results. Lincolns people skills are clearly established in Williams’s writings. Lincoln seems keen at applying pressure as well as giving his generals a free hand when necessary. Williams shows that Lincolns patience does wear thin when there are no early victories and the lack of aggressiveness on the Union side. Williams shows a gradual transformation on Lincolns selection process. Initially each general was selected on characteristics such as battle experience and political backing. As the enemy holds out and there is inaction, Lincoln starts to doubt the ability of his generals and starts to seek generals who can win without excuses. Williams describes the pressure that is placed on Lincoln. The union government and the public were questioning the inactivity of McClellan and his troops. Lincoln was willing to absorb most of this pressure but eventually seeks answers to the same questions. Williams shows the desperate side of Lincoln. Lincoln starts to recklessly allow attack plans that he did not always agree with, just because he was desperate to see action from McClellan. Williams indicates that Lincoln is a misunderstood man through the eyes of his Generals. His chief general McClellan thought little of him and had doubts about Lincoln early on. Union Generals sometimes failed at getting information back to Lincoln. Often a simple suggestion was taken as a direct order. I feel that Williams fails to argue that there might have been a certain awe that people felt towards Lincoln since he was their president. This relationship of a superior officer versus a junior officer is ignored by Williams. There could have been a small amount of intimidation that Generals felt towards Lincoln, especially later on with his reputation for getting rid of officers and generals who did not perform. Lincoln is painted as an intellectual maverick, a great statesman, and yet human enough to make mistakes and feel deterred at times. Williams also shows us a pessimistic side of Lincoln; when McClellan was sick and resources were low, Lincoln confides in his Quartermaster General Meigs, about the futile future. Williams constantly points out Lincolns strategic planning abilities against the fact that Lincoln had never had any formal training in war. I believe Williams does this due to fact that Lincolns WestPoint educated generals had such large egos as compared to a simple yet assertive Lincoln. This allows the reader to truly appreciate the humbleness of Lincoln. Williams might have served the reader better if he had focused on a number of issues. Williams could have put less emphasis upon the detailed descriptions of battle plans and strategy. The book tends to bog down in this area, especially when other books have touched upon this topic in a deeper sense. Despite the use of maps and footnotes, it seemed easy to get lost in this area. There is no doubt that reference is required to the history of the war to tell Lincolns story, but the author does tend to give more detail than necessary. More information on the selection process would have provided a better story for the book. Williams has done this exceptionally, but additional information might have thrown more light on both the generals as well as Lincoln himself. Williams leaves questions as to his objectivity in his true assessment of certain Generals. Williams sometimes seems to be so fascinated with Lincoln that he occasionally takes his side when analyzing questionable war tactics taken by some of the Generals, especially McClellan. Also, he does not offer any speculations as to why McClellan withholds certain battle plans from Lincoln. This question, though a small one, seems like it would deserve some time spent on it. The portrait that Williams paints of Lincoln is that of a frustrated patriot. Time and time again he expects action. It’s here that Williams shows us the greatness of Lincoln; compassion and patience. There are a number of instances when he is really frustrated with his generals, yet he reprimands them gently. Williams brings out this characteristic of Lincoln skillfully. The private Lincoln is deeply affected by the slow movement of war, but in public he almost never criticizes a public figure. Williams gradually unfolds this private compassionate Lincoln. First as a brilliant strategist, then as the father of a broken nation. Williams says that this change is largely due to General Grant. As Grant emerges as the key Union player in the war theater, Lincoln is glad to take a lesser role. This ties in well with what Williams had originally suggested; Lincoln was willing to relinquish control to someone qualified. Williams portrays Lincoln in a very positive light, allowing the reader to realize the greatness of Lincoln, in his compassion, strategy, statesmanship and humbleness. Williams has provided numerous instances where he provides ample support to his arguments and facts. In spite of the unnecessary detail and wordiness that Williams sometimes uses, there is no doubt that this book is a remarkable insight into Lincolns character. Dawson, Joseph G. III. T. Harry Williams. Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. 17, 431-446 Williams, T. Harry. Lincoln and His Generals. New York: Dorset Press, 1952.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Leda and the swan essays

Leda and the swan essays Leda and the swan was written by William Butler Yeats in 1924, a widely anthologized piece with several interpertations. The most commonly accepted version tells a tale of Zeus in the form of a swan coming to earth and impregnating the youthful Leda. As a result of this intercourse Leda produces an egg which brought forth the beautiful Helen of Troy. In a less Literal translation it is written up as "the manifestation of Yeats' unrequited love from Maud Gonne". (Holstad) Miss Gonne being a fellow mystic, member of the 'Heretic Order of the Golden Dawn'. A system where in members believed that physical connection lessons the creativity of the soul and there by only interacts with Yeats on a metaphysical plain during dreams or meditation, has drivn him to vent his human frustration in a literary Yeats cleanses himself of these emotions, in the form of a traditional Italian Sonnet. A poem of Fourteen lines consisting of two stanzas,one Octave and one sestet, allowing for a repetitive ABAB rhyme scheme. It also has multiple allussions to Greek Mythology largely inpart to the fact that it is written about Zeus, lord of the Greek gods. Yet that is not its only mention of said mythology, he also mentions Helen of Troy, Agamemnon and his tratorius wife -who goes un-named but dearly mentioned in his line "The broken wall, the burning roof and tower and Agamemnon dead"-(Kennedy) The imagery of the poem helps to depict the two beings by illistrating the concrete form of Leda against the more abstract shape of the swan. (Hargrove) Where in Leda is spoken of throughout the poem as "her thighs", "her nape", "her helpless breasts" as the Swan is never literaly called Zeus or even a swan it is merely mentioned as "great wings" "dark webs" "white rush" and "feathered glory". leaving a much fainter vi ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries Article

Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries - Article Example This topic bears importance in that if wielded appropriately it may just be the ticket out of poverty lines for developing nations. Growth of the economy by seven or eight percent is achievable but only if there is investment of around 35 to 40 percent of the GDP. National savings undoubtedly fall short of this by a huge margin. Therefore, it is up to foreign borrowing and investments to meet this gap. Thus, it is imperative for the governments of developing nations to providing incentives to investors. This paper will focus on the foreign direct investments in developing countries and the impact it causes to both participating parties (Moran 75). The political and social changes of late 20th century and the recent technological advancements have brought about immense changes in the economic situation of the present world. The planned economies are failing and their retreat from the global economy. The development and the rising influence of free and open market economies and the ever stronger tendency towards a world economy. Predicts broad changes in various interacting phases (e.g. economical, political and social) of the global community in the future. The old restrictions and monopoly of the old world transformed into friendly smiles and gentle politics with policies of closed economies being dumped and nations embracing the open capitalist economies. This phenomenon has puzzled many. Everyone however seems to agree on a single point. There would be no foreign direct investment if the markets were perfectly competitive. Therefore, markets are to work efficiently and ensuring there is no barriers in the form of trade or c ompetition; then the phenomenon of FDI is much more likely. Many theories have tried explaining this phenomenon. These theories attempt to explain this phenomenon based on different assertions such as perfect and imperfect competition of markets. The currency based methods as well as those that

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Description - Essay Example Then I heard it, this shrilling scream of a young girl. I looked around and saw two kids tugging apart an iPad. The other one must be his brother, who looked older by two or three years. The mother tried to placate her children by promising that she would get her 4-year-old daughter her own iPad for Christmas. This scene surprised me because I have not considered how early materialism can shape children’s attitudes and behaviors, and it also shocked me because I cannot imagine why parents would give in so easily to their wailing children. A society that spoils their children with hypermaterialism spoils the future of their children. Hypermaterialism can be compared to an infectious disease; it usually spreads from parents to their children. I have to differentiate materialism, when people want the things they need but do not overly concern themselves with getting material things all the time, and hypermaterialism, when people always want more and more things, without ever thin king if they need them and if they can actually use them. The four-year old girl had curly blonde hair down to her shoulders. She looked chubby but not overweight, and she wore a pink Guess dress with Guess boots. She wore a golden bracelet and a golden necklace. The necklace had a golden locket. Golden star earrings donned her ears. I saw some faint make-up on because her pink cheeks had a glittery look and her lips had the same red hue as her mother’s. ... I saw two nannies at each side of the kid. They were both holding the kids back, or trying to, as the frantic mother pacified her children: â€Å"Ashley, okay, okay, I will buy you your iPad. It will be your early birthday gift, alright? This is your brother’s iPad, you gotta give that back to him!† Ashley answered through tearful eyes: â€Å"Promise Mommy? Okay, now I just want that pink ice cream over there.† The mother gave some money to one nanny and she hurried off. She gave the ice cream to Ashley, who immediately licked it. With a disgusted look, Ashley complained: â€Å"This is most awful!† And before the nanny knew what hit her, Ashley stuck the ice cream to her blouse and snickered. Her brother laughed while their mother suppressed a smile and said: â€Å"Ashley! Tina, go ahead and clean yourself up. Ashley, I’m never gonna buy you anything again!† Ashley looked at her mother and said: â€Å"That’s not true.† Then she walked away while the remaining nanny silently followed her. Parents cannot complain about the attitudes of their children if they are bad role models. If they cannot show their children how to value money properly, they will never value the things that are bought for them. Aside from learning the value of money, children need discipline and guidance to know how to treat others, especially to see others as human beings and not objects. Tina passed me by; I could smell the pink strawberries from her blouse. I remembered how much I liked strawberry ice cream with strawberry seeds that tickled my tongue, but this scene just ruined it for me. I saw her wiping her tears and felt sorry for her. If she is crying, she might be someone new to this household. If she is new, it means that nannies rarely stay long in this family. And something

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Imagination - Essay Example In essence, the first gaze is all about the visual element of tourism in the sense that tourists will get what they see. Focusing too much of the visual aspects may not necessarily be the best way of enhancing tourism in a particular region. The commercial aspect of tourism is mainly concerned with ego in the sense that completeness and self-sufficiency are the primary driving factors in such form of tourism. In as much as Urry’s tourist gazes appear to make sense, it is important to note that the first gaze is far from monopolizing the tourism field. Concerning the second gaze of tourism as posited by John Urry, it is worth noting that there is a great contradiction with the first gaze. Usually what a tourist sees is not exactly what he or she will get. Therefore, they must understand that seeing may not necessarily lead to believing. It is not advisable to believe everything that one sees or encounters because even the most elaborate books or tourism guides have some hidden information that are not available to the public. In this regard, the presentation of any tourist attraction plays a primary role in the second gaze compared to the attraction itself. By presenting tourist attraction in an enticing manner, people are more likely to believe what they see even if what they have been told does not correspond with the actual situation on the ground. Runyon Canyon’ photo is okay only that it depicts scenes that most of the ordinary Americans are not familiar with. Although it is a good thing that the photo has not revealed the major landmarks of Los Angeles, it is also negative that most people will fail to identify with the photo. The photo is beautiful and acceptable in the sense that it shows the skyline of Los Angeles as the sun goes down. The image of Griffith Observatory at night creates a sense of peace to the viewers because of the beautiful

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Apple in It Industry Essay Example for Free

Apple in It Industry Essay The Apple iPhone provides its user with the ultimate mobile device which include high quality features and stunning design concept. The iPhone is a mobile phone, a highly useable widescreen iPod with touch screen controls and a Internet communications device, all rolled into one portable device making it an outstanding smartphone. The casing is small and lightweight which measures 115mm x 61mm x 11.6mm and weighs 135 grams. The casing comes is a selection of popular colors which include a sleek black gloss look finish and a sophisticated glossy white color. The phone comes with a huge multi touch colour screen which acts as a brilliant display as well as the users input method which allows the user to control all the phones functions using the multi touch screen. The screen measures 3.5 Inches and provides a screen resolution of 320 x 480 pixels on a brilliantly colored screen. The Apple iPhone has changed the way user will use their mobile phone device and the iPhone provides the user with state of the art technology which is extremely user friendly. The iPhone comes with a new Mac OS X based user interface which is based on the large multi touch color display. The iPhone is available in 8 Gbyte memory version. The smartphone comes with a fitted battery which provides the user with up to 16 hours worth of music playback and approximately 5 hours of talk time which includes call time, video time and Internet browsing time. The Apple iPhone comes with a picture address book which allows the user to see a picture of their contact as well as the contacts name. The address book is easy to access from the phones main menu and the user can make a call by simply touching the contacts details on the multi touch screen. The user can select to mute, use the keypad, switch to speaker phone, add a call, hold a call, access contacts details or end the call all from the call menu. The phone will automatically create a favorites call list which is made up of all the most frequently made calls. The user can easily create a conference call my merging their calls together. The user will enjoy and quick and easy input method when typing messages as the iPhone will display a touch QWERTY keyboard on the 3.5 Inch screen which is a predictive keyboard and automatically corrects typing errors. The touch keyboard provides a user friendly input method and the Apple iPhone displays the typing above the keyboard which provides a real feel typing experience for the user. The user can create text messages, multimedia messages and emails using the touch keyboard. The email service works just like the users PC, Mac or laptop email client but the iPhone email service is a mobile email service which is easy and quick to use. The email client supports POP3 and IMAP based email service which include Microsoft Exchange, AOL Mail, Apple Mac Mail, Google Email and ISP email services. The user can enjoy a real email experience on the Apple iPhone which can include graphics, images and photo attachments. The visual voicemail feature works like an email service which allows the user to select and listen to their voicemail messages in any order they desire, just like email service. The user can select the voice mail which is of most important and use the touch screen call back control to call their contact back from the voicemail screen. The built in music player comes with touch screen music controls which allow the user to play, pause, rewind and fast forward their choice of music. The user can view their album covers on the screen and the iPhone comes with a touch screen search facility which allows the user to search by song, album, artist or play list. The multi touch screen controls and easy to create music play lists make the music player fun and simple to use. The beautiful Apple iPhone comes with a built in camera and video feature which allows the user to capture still photographic images and moving video footage easily with their portable device. The smartphone comes with a selection of camera and video settings which will ensure the user gets the perfect effect and finish to every photograph or video captured. The advanced photo management application provides the user with everything they need to gain the perfect finish to each and every photo. The user can record and play video footage in all popular video formats. The Apple iPhone comes with easy to use touch screen video controls which include play, pause, chapter fast forward, chapter rewind and volume controls which are all displayed on the intelligent multi touch screen. The smartphone allows the user to watch their favorite TV shows and movies which makes the iPhone the perfect companion when the user has some leisure time. The user can enjoy a real mobile Internet experience on their phone which allows the user to view all Internet sites the way they were designed to be viewed. The user can access the Safari Internet browser which comes with a zoom facility which is activated by the user simply tapping the multi touch screen. The Safari Internet browser comes with a built in Google and Yahoo, Internet search functions. The user can search the Internet on their mobile phone where ever they are, but using either Edge or WiFi. The user can connect to compatible devices using Bluetooth ® wireless technology, WiFi and USB connectivity. The Apple iPhone smartphone comes with built in technology which provides the user with a fast and efficient portable device. The phone comes with Edge technology which provides the user with fast data transfers which are up to three times faster than GPRS. The smartphone works over a GSM quad band network which allows the user to use their Apple iPhone Worldwide. The iPhone will automatically synchronize all the users contacts from their PC, laptop, Mac or Internet service. The user can view their iPhone in either portrait or landscape mode and the intelligent built in technology will automatically change the viewing screen to suit the users requirements. The user can see the whole width of an Internet site or a photo in true landscape setting by simply turning the iPhone to landscape mode. The iPhone automatically knows when the user lifts the phone to their ear to use and will switch off the display to save the battery and prevent any touch controls being selected in error. The Apple iPhones comes with a Google map application which allows the user to view maps and satellite images on their phone. The maps application can provide the user with directions, and traffic information when the user is on the move. The widgets application provides the user with helpful real time information on stock reports and provides Worldwide weather reports.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Causes and Treatments

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Causes and Treatments Pregnancy is the gestational process compromising growth and development within a woman of a new individual from conception through the embryonic and fetal periods to birth. Pregnancy lasts for two hundred and eighty days, clinically considered forty week from the first day of the last menstrual period. Psychological changes are emotional experiences of pregnancy, as reported by a pregnant woman. Being keenly aware of the rapid and inevitable changes of the body the pregnant woman is undergoing. The nurse can help the parents in decision making about the concerns for the pregnancy. It is vital to make the mother understand the physiological processes, preparation for labour and to plan for the infant’s needs. The basic goal of antenatal or prenatal care provided by the nurses is to offer proper information to the pregnant women and the family about the current pregnancy. As well as provide emotional support, good nutritional advice and careful observation which will help the m other to achieve healthy and happy maternity period. To begin with, there are many factors that influence pregnancy which are often diagnosed during the antenatal clinic visits. The case study discussed below highlights the factor of pregnancy induced hypertension. Hypertension mostly affects pregnant women aged less than eighteen years and more than forty years. Blood pressure ranges from 140/90 mmHg to 160/110mmHg. Recently on booking, a mother came with the history of pregnancy induced hypertension. Mrs. X is twenty-four years old with the weight of fifty-five kilograms. She lives in Seaqaqa with her husband, parents-in-law and only son who is two years old. Mrs. X’s husband is a farmer, as she stays home and does domestic duties. Moreover, during Mrs. X’s initial visit to the antenatal clinic she presented the signs and symptoms which included nausea and vomiting. After diagnosis it was found that she had high blood pressure, however no other medical disorder. The blood pressure was 150/100 mmHg which showed a sign of pregnancy induced hypertension. Mrs. X does not consume kava or alcohol and does not even smoke. Upon history taking it was mentioned that after her first child she often took out some time for social life, whereby participated in netball training. According to Mrs. X it relieved stress and help her keep fit and healthy. Mrs. X was previously admitted in hospital during the delivery of the first child. However, Mrs. X neither encountered any complication for the first pregnancy nor went for any surgery previously whereas during the recent pregnancy antenatal clinic it has been found that she has hypertension. Initially when Mrs. X came to the hospital she had swollen legs, elevated blood pressure, therefore her twenty-four hours urine was taken to test for protein in urine. Proteinuria was diagnosed which was more than 0.3 grams of protein in one litre of urine. However, there was no sign of vaginal discharge, blood or amniotic fluid shown for gynecological disorder. Mrs. X had her last menstrual period on the 7th February, 2014 which lasted for seven days. The bleeding was heavy for the first three days and then became mild as Mrs. X used to have the menstruations every month in the same rhythm (severe to mild). The Pap smear test was done after two months from the first delivery as the results were normal. Mrs. X used condom as the family planning method. She is gravid of two and parity of one. Mrs. X delivered the first baby normally with a birth weight of 3.1 kilograms. In the second pregnancy she has pregnancy induced hypertension during the twenty weeks of gestation. Mrs. X is curre ntly prescribed for antihypertensive drugs by the physician. Mrs. X should deliver on the expected date of delivery which is the 14th of November, 2014. Furthermore, Mrs. X’s physical examination was done. It was done to assess fetal growth and development. Vital signs were taken as follows; pulse rate 78 beats per minute, respiration rate was 24 breaths per minute, temperature was 37.2 C and blood pressure was 150/100 mmHg. The weight was sixty-two kilograms during pregnancy therefore her body mass index was calculated as it was the leading factor to pregnancy induced hypertension complication. Blood pressure was taken when Mrs. X was resting however, it was still elevated of a reading of 148/100 mmHg. Therefore, the blood pressure was taken every two hours to see for any progress which was documented. Urinalysis was performed. During the initial visit the midstream urine was collected and sent to the laboratory for culture. Results showed protein in urine due to hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Blood test was also done on booking for full blood count. An eye examination was done to check for further retinal changes. Liver and kidney enzyme function test was also done. The aim of antenatal care is to monitor the progress of pregnancy which optimizes maternal and fetal health. The nurse can evaluate; â€Å"physical, emotional and sociological effects in pregnancy on the women and the family† (Fraser Cooper, 2009). Some ways to achieve antenatal care are as follows; by developing a partnership with the mother. The nurse should communicate friendly in order to know more information about the problems that the mother is facing and the nurse can help in solving the problem. Secondly, by providing holistic approach to the pregnant mother’s care that meets the individual needs. Preparing the mother physically and psychologically will help her to make the choice of either for vaginal delivery or opting for a caesarean delivery because of pregnancy induced hypertension. The nurse should provide tender and loving care to the mother. Furthermore, as a nurse provide information to the mother and the family members to enable them to make informed choices about the current pregnancy. Nurses can advocate for the pregnant mother to the family about the nutritious foods and adequate rest required by the mother cause of the current health condition. As well as providing an opportunity for Mrs. X and the family to express the views and concerns about the pregnancy. Advise the mother that breastfeeding will be the best method of feeding and nutrition for the newborn baby. Nurse can explain the advantages of breastfeeding as it will be a sensitive advice to support the pregnant mother’s decision. The nurse can show the proper positioning of the baby during breastfeeding, for example; using rugby ball method. Advice the mother on buying the baby’s clothes and other required items as it will facilitate the woman and the family to prepare accordingly to meet the demands of the forth coming child. Offer parenthood education within a planned programme or on an individual basis as it will promote awareness on public health issues for the mother and the family. Giving public health advice and pertaining pregnancy in order to maintain the health of the mother and fetus. Nurses can build a trust relationship with the mother is in part of care, love and safety for the mother. To add on, nurses play a vital role when managing the health of the mother with pregnancy induced hypertension. Nurses should communicate effectively and sensitively. Redman (2007) suggests that: â€Å"understanding and self-confidence in a woman will develop her relationships with nurses† . The nurse should sit at the bedside of the mother and communicate with her, in order to understand the problems and difficulties the mother is facing. Nurses can find possible solution for the problems and help the mother in solving the problem, as it will help build a more therapeutic relationship between the mother and the nurse. Mrs. X should be advised on adequate bed rest. Though, rest does not prevent the development of pre-eclampsia. It is important to make the family members understand that, Mrs. X should lie on her left side since left side relieves pressure and symptom associated with pain, hence also facilitates venous return increasing the circulatory volume, renal and placenta l perfusion and blood pressure (Gilbert, 2007). Therefore the mother needs to have adequate rest, for at least eight to twelve hours and away from stress. If the mother has high blood pressure she can be admitted to the hospital. However, it is most preferable if the mother rests at home and visits hospital after every two weeks. Hospital visits will facilitate the nurse to check her blood pressure and compare the previous readings, check whether it is elevated, decreasing or remains the same as previous reading (150/100 mmHg). The mother’s vital signs should be taken in every clinic. Elevated blood pressure ranges from 140/90 mmHg to 160/110 mmHg shows sign of pregnancy induced hypertension. Fluid balance can be maintained if there will be reduced intravascular compartment in pre-eclampsia and poorly controlled fluid balance may result in circulatory overload and pulmonary edema (Gilbert, 2007). The nurse can use water therapy for severe edema. Water therapy helps prevent or slow the progression of pre-eclampsia. The nurse should advice the mother which diet she should take due to hypertension, which is having low salt low fat diet. Advise the mother to consume those food which are locally available rather than foods which are imported from overseas countries or canned and junk food. For instance, locally available food includes pumpkin, cabbage, fish, bean and many more. Educate the mother on food which contains iron, fibre, vitamins and protein as it is good for the mother’s health and for the growing fetus. â€Å"Prophylactic fish oil in pregnancy may perform as an anti-platelet mediator, thereby it prevents hypertension and protein uric pre-eclampsia†. (Redman, 2007). Pregnant mother should consume at least eight glasses of water per day is important for her. Calcium supplement reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia especially of patients that have diets deficient in calcium. Exercise is also important for Mrs. X and the growing fetus. Nurse can teach the mother on some exercises which the mother can practice like kegel’s exercise. Exercise will keep the mother and fetus healthy and it will also help in contraction of uterus muscle. This will help mother feel comfortable and less painful for normal vaginal delivery. Exercise will also reduce stress and provide healthy and refreshing body and mind. Health care professionals can also help the nurse in managing the pregnant woman in various ways. Other health specialist can get together and collaborate what kind of treatment the mother should get to reduce pregnancy induced hypertension and have a healthy baby. Firstly, the radiologist (x-ray) department, can scan and the check for gestational age of the growing fetus. They also check the health of fetus and document the fetal movement and fetal kicks. Change in the number of frequency may mean the fetus is under stress. An ultrasound scans for measurement of fetal movement, fetal kick and direction of fetal position. Laboratory technicians can do the mothers blood test and urine test. Serology department would experiment the 24 hours urine collection, to found out whether it has protein present in it. Physical examination of urine can rule out the level glucose, protein content and ketones. Microscopic examination of urine, which will show blood cells and microorganisms. The hem atology department does full blood count, that includes hematocrit, Hemoglobin level, red blood cell and white blood cell count. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cell mass in mother’s blood volume. Hemoglobin is the main cellular component contains red blood cells. The physiotherapist can help mother by teaching Mrs. X some exercise which will be helpful and effective for her. Bed exercises increases the blood flow, keep the muscle toned, leg exercise for example foot circles at least two times daily, kegel’s exercise and abdominal tightening exercise which keeps abdominal muscle tone. Kegel’s exercise can be done at least five times daily because it helps prevent the loss of muscle tone which occurs after child birth. This exercise involves contracting muscles around vagina holding tightly for ten seconds and then relaxing for two seconds, the woman should be work up for thirty contractions. Moreover, the dietician can also advise the mother on low salt low fat diet. Advises the mother to use salt as needed for taste, and that adequate nutrition is important for pregnant mothers eating a nutritious balance diet containing high amounts of calcium, magnesium, and iron, vitamins, less sodium, folic acid and increase amount of protei n to take. As it reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia especially in patient who have diet deficit, avoid beverages containing caffeine and drink six-eight glasses of water per day is also important because it reduces the risk of dehydration and improves proper blood circulation which reduces risk of pre-eclampsia. Hence, a counselor can also counsel the parents on the antenatal care which should be provided to the mother. The prenatal education should focus on the positive labor and birth experiences and ways in which the mother can have decreased blood pressure. Advice Mrs. X if she has any fever, rupture of membrane or leak of fluid, decrease fetal movement, vaginal bleeding, feeling of nausea and vomiting as to immediately complain to the nurse before any further complications arise. Since the mother is a non-smoker and non-alcoholic it is better to advise her to stay away from anybody smokers and not to consume alcohol so that it does not affect the growing fetus. Provide information about breastfeeding techniques which is very supportive approach. â€Å"Expected length of breastfeeding is an important prenatal factor associated with breastfeeding period†. (Pairman, Pincombe, Thorogood Tracy, 2006). Due to increase breastfeeding duration there will be increased maternal confidence in breastfeeding and handling the child. Child birth education is also important for the mother. This provides opportunity for enhancement of family systems and can facilitate the family to empower behavior that lasts longer. Furthermore, a dentist is needed to check oral care of the mother, where the dentist can check for any decaying tooth or paining gums. This can cause pain and headache and increase the mother’s blood pressure. Treatment could be given accordingly. As the dentist can advise the mother about proper oral care, for instance; on brushing her teeth twice daily this will be healthy. In evaluation, after the diagnosis it was found that Mrs. X had pregnancy induced hypertension. Mrs. X tried herbal medicines and followed all the nursing management which was advised to her. Though there weaknesses, which include; family members were not allowing her to come to hospital alone, mostly her mother-in-law accompanied on the antenatal clinic visits which became a hindrance for Mrs. X while expressing her views and concerns. Hence, a few times Mrs. X does not have enough money to pay for the fare since her husband was inco-operative. At certain times due to fear, anxiety and stress Mrs. X was unable to express the problems which made it difficult to exam her problems. Though Mrs. X had some weaknesses but she tried her best to co-operate with the nurses so that she has a healthy maternity period and at last to have a healthy baby. After providing successful interventions, the strength of Mrs. X was also shown as she tried to follow all the steps given by the nurses so tha t she can have a healthy baby. (Approximately: 2,498 words) References Cooper, M. A., Fraser, D. M. (2009). Myles: Text book for Midwives. (15th ed.). Churchchill Livingstone: Elsevier limited. Gilbert, E. S. (2007). Manual of High Risk Pregnancy Delivery. (4th ed.). The United States of America: Mosby, Inc. Pairman, S., Pincombe, J., Thorogood, C., Tracy, S. (2006). Midwifery: Preparation for  Practice. Australia: Ligare Pty Limited. Redman, B. K. (2007). The Practice of Patient Education: A Case Study Approach.  (10th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Weber, J. C. (2003). Maternity: Parenthood Education Approach. Retrieved June 17, 2014 From http://books.google.com.fj/books?id=4CYJb8rW2rYCpg=PA28dq=pihhl.